Addition of Sikkim

With the option of acceding to India, Pakistan or total freedom in 1947, a couple of princely states and foreign colonies within India decided to accede to neither of them. The Nizam of Hyderabad (who was among the richest people in the world) declared his intention to remain independent. But Sardar Patel had different thoughts and decided to annex the state of Hyderabad in 1948. About 35000 Indian soldiers fought 22,000 soldiers of the Hyderabad Nizam and 200,000 irregulars. The war ended in just 5 days with 32 casualties on the Indian side and 3500 on the enemy side (with 4000 prisoners). Although the numbers were equally matched, the causalities for India vs the loss for Hyderabad was 1:100.

In case of Goa, the Portuguese ruled Goa for 461 years until 1961. They refused to hand over Goa to India even after the Indian independence. The locals were resisting the Portuguese, but even after many diplomatic efforts, ?Portugal did not alter their stand. In 1961, India with a massive force outmatched the Portuguese force 10:1 and annexed Goa in just 36 hours.Sikkim continued to be outside India till 1975 as a suzerainty, as its external affairs were administered by India while internal by themselves. Due to political instability, PM of Sikkim pleaded for statehood. Therefore in April of 1975, Indian Army took over the city of Gangtok and disarmed the monarchs palace guards and thus it later became the 22nd state of Indian Union.

Lakshadweep belonged to Madras Presidency and therefore belonged to India in accordance with Indian Independence Act 1947. But because the islands had a Muslim majority, it seemed possible that Pakistan might lay claim on the islands. Under the directives of Home Minister, Vallabhbhai Patel, a ship of the Royal Indian Navy reached Lakshadweep and hoisted Indian flag. Hours after the arrival of Indian Navy ship, a few ships of Pakistan Navy were observed on the coastal waters of Lakshadweep, but sensing the Indian presence, they retreated back to Karachi.